Sneakers

Sneakers

These shoes acquired the nickname ‘plimsoll‘ in the 1870s,[9] derived according to Nicholette Jones’ book The Plimsoll Sensation, from the colored horizontal band joining the upper to the sole, which resembled the Plimsoll line on a ship’s hull. Alternatively, just like the Plimsoll line on a ship, if water got above the line of the rubber sole, the wearer would get wet.[10]

Plimsolls were widely worn by vacationers and also began to be worn by sportsmen on the tennis and croquet courts for their comfort. Special soles with engraved patterns to increase the surface grip of the shoe were developed, and these were ordered in bulk for the use of the British Army. Athletic shoes were increasingly used for leisure and outdoor activities at the turn of the 20th century – plimsolls were even found with the ill-fated Scott Antarctic expedition of 1911. Plimsolls were commonly worn by pupils in schools’ physical education lessons in the UK from the 1950s until the early 1970s.[citation needed]

British company J.W. Foster and Sons designed and produced the first shoes designed for running in 1895; the shoes were spiked to allow for greater traction and speed. The company sold its high-quality handmade running shoes to athletes around the world, eventually receiving a contract for the manufacture of running shoes for the British team in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Harold Abrahams and Eric Liddell won the 100 m and 400 m events, kitted out with Foster’s running gear.[11]

A pair of black Converse canvas sneakers
A pair of traditional low-cut Converse Chuck Taylor All Star sneakers. Its design has remained largely unchanged.

This style of footwear also became prominent in America at the turn of the 20th century, where they were called ‘sneakers’. In 1892, the U.S. Rubber Company introduced the first rubber-soled shoes in the country, sparking a surge in demand and production. The first basketball shoes were designed by Spalding as early as 1907.[citation needed] The market for sneakers grew after World War I, when sports and athletics increasingly became a way to demonstrate moral fiber and patriotism. The U.S. market for sneakers grew steadily as young boys lined up to buy Converse All Stars sneakers endorsed by basketball player Chuck Taylor.

During the interwar period, athletic shoes began to be marketed for different sports, and differentiated designs were made available for men. Athletic shoes were used by competing athletes at the Olympics, helping to popularise them among the general public. In 1936, a French brand, Spring Court,[citation needed] marketed the first canvas tennis shoe featuring signature eight ventilation channels on a vulcanised natural rubber sole.

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Description

A pair of Nike Air Jordan 1 sneakers

Sneakers (US) or trainers (UK), also known by a wide variety of other names, are shoes primarily designed for sports or other forms of physical exercise, but are also widely used for everyday casual wear.

They were popularized by companies such as ConverseNike and Spalding in the mid 20th century. Like other parts of the global clothing industry, shoe manufacturing is heavily concentrated in Asia with nine in ten shoes produced there.[1]

 

Names

The Adidas Superstar was originally designed as a basketball shoe.

Sneakers have gone by a variety of names, depending on geography and changing over the decades. The broader category inclusive of sneakers is athletic shoes. The term ‘athletic shoes’ is typically used for shoes utilized for jogging or road running and indoor sports such as basketball, but tends to exclude shoes for sports played on grass such as association football and rugby football, which are generally known in North America as “cleats” and in British English as “boots” or “studs”.

New Balance 99X Series
A pair of children’s sneakers

The word “sneaker” is often attributed to American Henry Nelson McKinney, who was an advertising agent for N. W. Ayer & Son. In 1917, he used the term because the rubber sole made the shoe’s wearer stealthy. The word was already in use at least as early as 1887, when the Boston Journal made reference to “sneakers” as “the name boys give to tennis shoes.” The name “sneakers” originally referred to how quiet the rubber soles were on the ground, in contrast to noisy standard hard leather sole dress shoes. Someone wearing sneakers could “sneak up”, while someone wearing standards could not.[2] Earlier, the name “sneaks” had been used by prison inmates to refer to warders (guards) because of the rubber-soled shoes they wore.[3] The term “sneakers” is most commonly used in Northeastern United StatesCentral and South Florida,[4][5] Australia,[6] New Zealand, and parts of Canada. However, in AustralianCanadian, and Scottish Englishrunning shoes and runners are synonymous terms used to refer to sneakers, with the latter term also used in Hiberno-EnglishTennis shoes and kicks are other terms used in Australian and North American English.

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